Monitoring of Australian digital spaces shows that antisemitic narratives have become a persistent and growing feature of public conversation, particularly since October 2023. What was once confined to the fringes is now appearing more frequently in mainstream spaces.

• In 2024–25, more than 620 incidents of verbal abuse were recorded, with Holocaust and Nazi-related discourse often expressed by offenders. These include deeply confronting examples, such as schoolchildren being targeted with Nazi salutes and chants, and students being told to “die in a gas chamber.”

• Online antisemitism increased fivefold following October 7, 2023. Importantly, these narratives are not purely reactive—they build on pre-existing ideas that are then amplified by major events. Addressing antisemitism requires tackling these underlying narratives, not just individual incidents.

• The Bondi Beach attack emboldened antisemitic actors and triggered a sharp spike in online activity. Online responses to the attack included glorification and justification of the violence, false flag conspiracy theories, and the use of AI-generated content to spread misinformation. A quantitative analysis of antisemitic content found that online antisemitic content increased by more than 470% on the day of the attack, rising further to more than 600% above the baseline the following day.

• Monitoring has identified convergence across different groups, with both far-left and far-right actors producing similar antisemitic narratives from different political perspectives.

• Four recurring frameworks underpin much of this discourse: accusations of dual loyalty, claims that Jewish organisations act as foreign agents, suggestions that antisemitic incidents are fabricated, and attempts to delegitimise the term “antisemitism” itself.

• Language is also evolving. Coded and indirect terms are increasingly used to avoid moderation, including substitutes such as “Zionist”, “globalist”, and other symbols or emojis that carry antisemitic meaning.

• Holocaust distortion has also shifted, with a growing trend towards glorification or misuse, rather than outright denial.

• Evidence of coordinated online activity has been identified, including near-identical posts appearing across different accounts, suggesting centralised distribution of content and narratives.